General coordination:	M. Depauw
Database structure (Filemaker 7):	S. Gülden
Online version (PHP & MySQL):	B. Van Beek
Data assembly and processing:	S. Bronischewski, M. Depauw, B. Derichs, S. Eslah, S. Gülden, M. Kromer

Based on a database of H.J. Thissen and with the cooperation of F. Hoffmann
 
The online version of instalments 1-31 has been made possible by the authors of the DL-summaries, the editors of Enchoria and Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. 

How to search the online Demotistische Literaturübersicht? 

'Executive summary'

Use surnames and avoid entering more than a single surname in Author/Editor.

Use only a single word (or part of it) in each search field.

Abbreviations (mostly those of the DBL) can be used in Journal/Series.

Avoid quotation marks, diacritic signs, and capitals. For detailed information concerning advanced queries, such as the use of first names or searching for multiple authors, click here.

Documentation for biblical literature Innsbruck
Department for Biblical Studies and Historical Theology
Faculty for Cartholic Theology
University Innsbruck

Austria / Europe

Aim

Search of biblical and biblical-archaeological literature

Content

Classified documentation on biblical and biblical-archaeological literature, published in articles, collected works and monographs; since 1990 partly with references to book reviews
Base of recording ofarticles: approximately 90 complete and approximately 540 relevant annuals and periodicals (see list of periodicals) of the University Library of Innsbruck and the Jesuit Library Innsbruck; completed by titles of the ZID (theological periodicals of the University Library Tuebingen)
Base of recording of articles of collected works and Festschriften: acquisitions of the Theological Library of the University Innsbruck (search portal); off-prints of authors
Base of recording of monographs: acquisitation of the Theological Library of the University Innsbruck(ALEPH); submissions of authors and publishers
Base of recording of hints to book reviews: data meterial of the Biblical Institute in Rome
Period and media of recording : card-catalogue (1980-1984), since 1985 computerized. Recording and computerization of card-titles in work

• • Info
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  • 3.6: News
  • 3.7: Staff
  • 3.8: Deuteronomy-Bibliography (SD)
  • 3.9: Herrenmahl und Gruppenidentität (SD)
  • 3.10: Plants and animals in the Bible (SD)
  • 3.11: Journal-lists

The availability of an updated repertory of the temples built in Egypt by Roman emperors for autochthonous cults is a fundamental tool for every kind of research on Roman Egypt. TheTopographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings, started by Bertha Porter and Rosalind Moss, shows Roman presence on more than 50 sacred buildings from the Nile Delta until the island of Bigeh. Intense and well known was also Roman activity in Nubia.

New subsequent archaeological researches make possible further enlargements of this picture: among many examples, it is sufficient to mention here the recent important discoveries in the oases of the Western Desert.

This site, outcome of a research project funded by the Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) in 2004-2005 and directed by Edda Bresciani, aims to provide:

• A repertory of Roman temples in Egypt, from the Delta to Philae, with the most recently available information. The list of monuments and their bibliography are being continually updated.
• A multimedia research tool to make available, thanks to the Internet flexibility, plans, photographs, drawings, space oriented and navigable maps and links, related to the temples included in this site, wherever it is possible.
• A searching tool allowing to sort the information for geographical sites or for emperors, and to retrieve the bibliography for authors all over the website.
Only additional bibliography, absent in previous editions of the Topographical Bibliography, is given here. Porter-Moss (PM) reference, when existing, is mentioned at the beginning of each temple file. 

At the moment, Nubian temples are not included in this site.

Rome in Egyptis an evolving Web resource.It is our hope that it becomes a starting point for future research on the subject. To do it, the cooperation with all the researchers working in the field of Egyptology, archaeology and Roman history is fundamental and we thank in advance all colleagues who will send us any new information and/or material.

Please see the News section of this Web site for periodic updates.

• Project
• Virtual Map
• Sites
• Emperors
• Bibliography
• News
• Documents

ex oriente e.V. is a scientific society founded in 1994 by researchers of the Institutes of Near Eastern Archaeology and Ancient Oriental Studies at the Free University of Berlin. We are an independent organization encouraging interdisciplinary and transnational cooperation on the study of environmental history, ancient technologies, and the means of production and subsistence in the Near and Middle East.

In contrast to traditional research interests of the discipline in Germany, we focus on the lifeway of the people in early societies. The natural environment of the Near East provided conditions that allowed for substantial advances in human cultural development, including:

• sedentarization
• domestication of plants and animals
• irrigation and pastoralism
• urbanization
• emergence of states.

This trajectory was characterized by a continuing emergence of new technologies and subsistence economies. This often involved the adoption of adaptive strategies to compensate for excessive exploitation of natural resources that changed or destroyed environmental conditions. The early examples of enduring human impacts on their surroundings have clear modern analogies in terms of environmental and developmental politics. Thus, the aim of ex oriente is also to make a clear connection between prehistoric and early historical times with present-day environmental and social developments. Research on prehistoric territorial behavior and environmental destruction, conditions under which stratified societies and early patterns of conflict arose, can offer insights into modern developmental problems.

SENEPSE 4
The Prehistory of Jordan, II. Perspectives from 1997, ed. by H.G.K. Gebel, Z. Kafafi, and G.O. Rollefson (1997).
(49 contributions, III + 662 pages, 207 figures, 46 plates, 153 tables, paperback) [ISBN 978-3-98042413-4]

00064, Upload: 13.06.2013

SENEPSE 3
Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Regions, ed. by S.K. Kozlowski and H.G.K. Gebel (1996).
(39 contrib., IV + 460 pages, 214 figs., 21 plates, 52 tables, paperback) [ISBN 978-3-98042412-7]

00063, Upload: 13.06.2013

SENEPSE 2
Die neolitische Keramik aus Abu Thawwab, Jordanien. With English Summary, by Daif'allah Obeidat (1995).
(XIII + 186 pages, 62 figs., 9 tables, paperback) [ISBN 978-3-98042411-0]

00062, Upload: 12.06.2013

H.G.K. Gebel, The PPN1-6 Workshops: Agendas, Tendencies, Future.
in: E. Healey, S. Campbell and O. Maeda (eds), The State of the Stone: Terminologies, Continuities and Contexts in Near Eastern Lithics. SENEPSE 13: 1–22. Berlin: ex oriente (2011).

00055, Upload: 14.05.2013

H.G.K. Gebel, Conflict and Conflict Mitigation in Early Near Eastern Sedentism. Reflections.
Neo-Lithics 1/10, 2010: 32-35.

00056, Upload: 14.05.2013

H.G.K. Gebel, The Commodification of Water.
Neo-Lithics 2/10, 2010: 4-13.

00057, Upload: 14.05.2013

H.G.K. Gebel, Commodification and the Formation of Early Neolithic Social Identity. The Issues Seen From the Southern Jordanian Highlands.
in: M. Benz (ed.), The Principle of Sharing. Segregation and Construction of Social Identities at the Transition from Foraging to Farming. SENEPSE14: 31-80. Berlin, ex oriente (2010).

00058, Upload: 14.05.2013

H.G.K. Gebel, The Intricacy of Rubble Slides. The Ba‘ja, Basta, and ‘Ain Rahub Evidence.
Neo-Lithics 1/09, 2009: 33-48

00059, Upload: 14.05.2013

Gebel H.G.K. and Mahasneh H., Petroglyphs and Sepulchral Contexts. Preliminary Note on Late Chalcolithic/ Early Bronze Age Findings at Qulban Beni Murra, Wadi Sahab al-Abyad.
Journal of Epigraphy and Rock Drawing 3, 2009: 1-9. Amman, Department of Antiquities.

00060, Upload: 14.05.2013

H.G.K. Gebel and M. Kinzel, Ba‘ja 2007: Crawl Spaces, Rich Room Dumps, and High Energy Events. Results of the 7th Season of Excavations.
Neo-Lithics 1/07: 24-33.

00037, Upload: 29.02.2008

C. Purschwitz and M. Kinzel, Ba‘ja 2007. Two Room and Ground Floor Fills: Reconstructed House-life Scenarios.
Neo-Lithics 2/07: 22-35.

00039, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, B.D. Hermansen, and M. Kinzel, Ba‘ja 2005: A Two-Storied Building and Collective Burials. Results of the 6th Season of Excavation.
Neo-Lithics 1/06: 12-19.

00026, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, The Domestication of Vertical Space: The Case of Steep-Slope LPPNB Architecture in Southern Jordan.
in: Domesticating Space: Construction, Community, and Cosmology in the Late Prehistoric Near East. ed. by E.B. Banning and M. Chazan. SENEPSE 12: 65-74. Berlin: ex oriente (2006).

00027, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, Central to What? The Centrality Issue of the LPPNB Mega-Site Phenomenon in Jordan.
in: Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan. ed. by H.D. Bienert, H.G.K. Gebel, and R. Neef. SENEPSE 5: 1-19. Berlin: ex oriente (2004).

00028, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and B.D. Hermansen, Ba'ja 2003: Summary on the 5th Season of Excavation.
Neo-Lithics 2/04: 15-18.

00035, Upload: 29.02.2008

M. Kinzel, Some Notes on the Reconstruction of PPNB Architecture.
Neo-Lithics 2/04: 18-21.

00038, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, Subsistenzformen, Siedlungsweisen und Prozesse des sozialen Wandels vom akeramischen bis zum keramischen Neolithikum II: Grundzüge sozialen Wandels im Neolithikum der südlichen Levante.
Phd-Thesis Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg (2002) published: http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg/volltexte/466

00025, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, Walls. Loci of Forces.
in: Magic Practices and Ritual in the Near Eastern Neolithic. ed. by H.G.K. Gebel, B.D. Hermansen, and Ch. Hoffmann Jensen. SENEPSE 8: 119-132. Berlin: ex oriente (2002).

00029, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and B.D. Hermansen, LPPNB Ba'ja 2001. A Short Note.
Neo-Lithics 2/01: 15-20.

00034, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and B.D. Hermansen, The 2000 Season at Late PPNB Ba'ja.
Neo-Lithics 2+3/00: 20-22.

00033, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel, Flint "Bowlets" from the LPPNB of Southern Jordan.
Neo-Lithics 2/99: 12-13.

00030, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and B.D. Hermansen, Ba'ja Neolithic Project 1999 : Short Report on Architectural Findings.
Neo-Lithics 3/99: 18-21.

00036, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and B.D. Hermansen, A Third Little Head From LPPNB Basta, Southern Jordan.
Neo-Lithics 2/99: 11-12.

00041, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.D. Bienert and H.G.K. Gebel, Summary on Ba'ja 1997, and Insights From Later Seasons.
in: Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan, ed. by H.D. Bienert, H.G.K. Gebel, and R. Neef. SENEPSE 5: 119-144. Berlin: ex oriente (2004).

00024, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and H.-D. Bienert, Excavating Ba'ja, Greater Petra Area, Southern Jordan.
Neo-Lithics 1/97: 9-11.

00031, Upload: 29.02.2008

H.G.K. Gebel and H.-D. Bienert, The 1997 Season at Ba'ja, Southern Jordan.
Neo-Lithics 3/97: 14-18.

00032, Upload: 29.02.2008

B.D. Hermansen and H.G.K. Gebel, More "Pillow-Shaped Pieces" from LPPNB Basta.
Neo-Lithics 2/96: 11-12.

00040, Upload: 29.02.2008

Please browse the links below to view and download full volumes of the proceedings of the Tropis Conferences I-VII.

Tropis I (1985) 16 MB

Tropis II (1990) 15 MB

Tropis III (1995) 22 MB

Tropis IV (1995) 25 MB

Tropis V (1999) 25 MB

Tropis VI (2001) 30 MB

Tropis VII (2002) Vol. 1, 23 MB

Tropis VII (2002) Vol. 2, 21 MB

California Classical Studies publishes peer-reviewed long-form scholarship with online open access and print-on-demand availability. The primary aim of the series is to disseminate basic research (editing and analysis of primary materials both textual and physical), data-heavy research, and highly specialized research of the kind that is either hard to place with the leading publishers in Classics or extremely expensive for libraries and individuals when produced by a leading academic publisher. In addition to promoting archaeological publications, papyrological and epigraphic studies, technical textual studies, and the like, the series will also produce selected titles of a more general profile.

The startup phase of this project (2013-2015) is supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Cyrus’ Paradise is the world’s first comprehensive, online, collaborative commentary for a Classical text: Xenophon’s Education of Cyrus (Cyropaedia). Cyrus’ Paradise incorporates contributions from all generations and communities, from high school and college students to advanced professors to amateur enthusiasts. Contributions take the form of multimedia (pictures, audio, video), grammatical and syntactical instruction, and discussion in the form of questions, comments, and blog posts. Because it is always growing, the collaborative commentary is designed to produce new readings of the text with every new participant. It may be used as a tool for scholarly research at any stage, from a prospectus to a polished article. It may also be used as an intermediate or upper-level Greek text. Sample syllabuses are provided here. Our approach has been to provide students with every conceivable resource for understanding and interpreting the text (e.g., grammatical/syntactical aid, parsing, tree-banking, vocabulary, video instruction, audio recordings), while at the same time developing every conceivable way to assess student mastery.

Oqimta is a digitized research journal devoted to all spheres and types of talmudic and rabbinical literature – Halakha and Agada

The articles in this journal undergo academic appraisal and redaction, and are published in the accepted languages for Judaica research.

Oqimta will be appearing once a year, in digitized form, and is available free of charge to the reading public. Articles that have completed the publication process will be uploaded to the site prior to the finalization of the issue, and can be found on the "In Publication" page.

We are pleased to present the inaugural issue: Oqimta 1 (5773 [2013]) containing thirteen articles. We take this opportunity to invite you to subscribe to our mailing list (see subscribe), and to send us your submissions (see Instructions for Authors).

Issue 1 (5773 [2013

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Shlomo E. Glicksberg
Noise as a nuisance in Tannaitic literature, from Casuistics to Conceptalization (Heb.)	Summary

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Moti Arad
"Ye shall surely destroy all the places, wherein the nations that ye are to dispossess served their gods” - The Annihilation of Idolatry in Tanaitic Halakha (Heb.)	Summary

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Gilad Sasson
"God Stands in the Congregation of God" - Divine Inspiration by the Praying Congregation (Heb.)	Summary

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Ephraim Bezalel Halivni
Either X or Y: are both Options Equally Appropriate (Heb.)	Summary

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Menachem Ben Shalom
Additional Notes on the Verse: “For an impaled body is an affront to God” (Heb.)	Summary

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Shamma Friedman
Three Sage Stories in Light of a Recently Discovered Unknown Textual Tradition of Tractate Shabbat (Heb.)	Summary

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Rabin Shushtri
The Comparative Relation of the Yemenite Textual Witnesses for Tractate Sukkah of the Babylonian Talmud (Heb.)	Summary

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Israel Hazani
Meir Ish-Shalom on the Emigration of Jacob's Sons to Egypt, or: “Who is a Jew?” (Heb.)	Summary

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Shulamit Valler
The Talmudic discussion on building a porter's lodge and a door for the courtyard	Summary

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Yishai Kiel
Cognizance of Sin and Penalty in the Babylonian Talmud and Pahlavi Literature: A Comparative Analysis	Summary

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Jay Rovner
Metasystemic and Structural Indicators of Late-Stage Babylonian Stammaitic Compositions, Both Halakhic and Aggadic	Summary

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Leor Jacobi
Jewish Hawking in Medieval France: Falconry, Rabbenu Tam, and the Tosafists	Summary

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Israel Drazin
Nachmanides Introduced the Notion that Targum Onkelos Contains Derash	Summary

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Participants in this issue

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To download the entire issue

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To download abstracts

 Figura. Studi sull’immagine nella Tradizione Classica is a new international journal to be published twice yearly online with unrestricted access, in order to  disseminate current research and writing on the Classical Tradition’s repertoire. The journal will encompass studies of Antiquity’s visual and textual culture, as well as appropriations and transfigurations of this legacy in the ancient and post-ancient world. Post-antiquity may be taken to include the contemporary period, therefore the cut-off used as a frame of reference for content proposed by Figura is conceptual rather than temporal, which calls for a distinction in this respect...

Figura. Studi sull’immagine nella Tradizione Classica is a new international journal to be published twice yearly online with unrestricted access, in order to  disseminate current research and writing on the Classical Tradition’s repertoire. The journal will encompass studies of Antiquity’s visual and textual culture, as well as appropriations and transfigurations of this legacy in the ancient and post-ancient world. Post-antiquity may be taken to include the contemporary period, therefore the cut-off used as a frame of reference for content proposed by Figura is conceptual rather than temporal, which calls for a distinction in this respect...     

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Onoba, Revista de Arqueología y Antigüedad, con ISSN 2340-3047, es una publicación del Área de Arqueología de la Universidad de Huelva, de periodicidad anual y editada desde el año 2013. Esta revista utiliza el sistema de revisión externa por expertos (peer-review) en el conocimiento de los objetos investigados y en las metodologías utilizadas en las investigaciones. Adopta y se adhiere a las normas de publicación establecidas por la APA. 

Onoba, Revista de Arqueología y Antigüedad, tiene como objeto la difusión de los resultados de la investigación teórica y técnica sobre arqueología y mundo antiguo. Los trabajos deben ser originales, no publicados, ni estar siendo considerados en otra revisa para su publicación. Serán considerados para publicación los siguientes tipos de trabajos: investigaciones originales, novedades recientes,  y reseñas críticas sobre textos recién publicados...

No 1 (2013)

Table of Contents

Revista Completa

Revista Completa	ABSTRACTRAR (Español (España))
J. M. Campos Carrasco

Artículos

Presentación	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Juan M. Campos Carrasco

Excavación arqueológica en el dolmen de la Fuente del Corcho (Belmez, Córdoba)	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Beatriz Gavilán Ceballos, Yessica Rodríguez Espinosa, Rafael Maura Mijares

A cerâmica pintada da II Idade do Ferro do Castelo de Castro Marim	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Francisco B. Gomes, Ana Margarida Arruda

«Braseros» de bronce protohistóricos en Extremadura. Viejos y nuevos hallazgos; nuevas y viejas ideas	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Javier Jiménez Ávila

Contactos del Mediterráneo oriental en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica durante los siglos xiv-viii a.C. ¿Marinos orientales o Fenicios atemporales?	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Francisco Gómez Toscano

Trajano fundador. el último impulso colonizador del imperio	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Javier Bermejo Meléndez, Santiago Robles Esparcia, Juan M. Campos Carrasco

Las termas y el Suburbium marítimo de Baelo Claudia Avance de un reciente descubrimiento	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Dario Bernal, A. Arévalo, A. Muñoz, J. A. Expósito, J. J. Díaz, J. Lagóstena, J. M. Vargas, M. Lara, E. Moreno, A. M. Sáez, M. Bustamante

El Pomerium invisible. A propósito de las características arquitectónicas de los recintos amurallados de la colonia Romula Hispalis	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Daniel Jiménez Maqueda, Pedro Pérez Quesada

El mundo funerario en la ciudad romana de Onoba: Las manifestaciones arquitectónicas de la necrópolis Norte	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Lucía Fernández Sutillo, Juan M. Campos Carrasco, Nuria de la O Vidal Teruel

La ruptura funeraria del pomerium desde su nacimiento y hasta su desaparición. enterramientos in urbe1	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Manuel Dionisio Ruiz Bueno

Salsamentum Sur-Hispano: apuntes para su estudio	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Pilar Corrales Aguilar

La Fodina de Aguas Teñidas (Almonaster la Real, Huelva)	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Juan Aurelio Pérez Macias, Diego González Batanero, Agustín García González, Alejandra Echevarría Sánchez

La Almunia Cordobesa, entre las fuentes historiográficas y arqueológicas	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Fernando López Cuevas

Algunas notas sobre arqueología y colonialismo. la zona española del protectorado marroquí, 1912-1945	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Enrique Gozalbes Cravioto, Manuel Jesús Parodi Álvarez, Javier Verdugo Santos

Varia

A datação pelo radiocarbono de elementos de rodas romanas de Madeira para elevação de água nas M inas de Rio Tinto	ABSTRACTPDF (Español (España))
Aquilino Delgado Domínguez, António Manuel Monge Soares, Paula F. Queiroz

e-publications

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The Maski Archaeological Research Project (MARP): investigating long-term dynamics of settlement, politics and environmental history in ancient South India

Peter G. Johansen & Andrew M. Bauer

New evidence on the beginning of farming in Greece: the Early Neolithic settlement of Mavropigi in western Macedonia (Greece)

Agora 3D: evaluating 3D imaging technology for the research, conservation and display of museum collections

Counting objects: new evidence from Tepe Zagheh, Qazvin plain, Iran

Explore the Project Gallery

Antiquity prize winnersAccess the winners of the Antiquity prize, the Ben Cullen prize and the Antiquity photographic prize for free!

Antiquity online supplementsExplore Antiquity's online supplements - additional materials published in support of Antiquity Journal articles

See the full List of Open Access Journals in Ancient Studies

Pottery collections

The Institute houses a collection of pottery assembled between the 1940s and the 1970s. The majority is fragmentary pottery (and occasional stone items) from surface surveys, such as the Central Anatolian Survey, but there is also sample material from some important excavations carried out in Turkey under the auspices of the British Institute such as Mersin, Hacılar, Beycesultan and Catal Höyük; and some obsidian from Ashikli Höyük. There are over 1000 boxes of material organised into 3 broad categories: survey, excavation and published material; as well as a 'study' and 'slide' collection. All periods are represented, from the Neolithic to the Ottoman and although not all types of pottery from Anatolia may be represented, examples of the vast majority of types can be found.

Other materials

As well as pottery, a limited range of other archaeological material, in particular obsidian from Asikli Höyük, and a few scattered stone tools at a range of survey sites of the 1960s and 70s. This is complemented by a small geological collection including obsidian nodules from Ian Todd's pioneering exploration of obsidian sources in Anatolia.

Collections database

The Collection database currently includes photographs and provenance data (ie. source archaeological site) for the majority of the survey material, with the excavated and study collections to follow soon. The database was been designed to facilitate greater use of the collection by scholars from around the world by publicising its contents, and encouraging further publication or data generation.

The web interface uses Google Maps as a mapping tool to show the position of sites in the database, to the closest village. Clicking on the yellow site icon opens the site definition page which shows thumbnail images of the pottery from this site. The site page also shows nearby sites and provides links to related informtion. This thumbnail may be enlarged further, and the reference to the storage information of the item obtained.

The system has been designed to enable different material types to be searched, so although only pottery has been currently included, the obsidian and squeeze collections may be included in the future. 

Browse the database

• Browse full list of archaeological Sites in the database
• Browse all pottery assemblages as thumbnails

This website collects recordings of modern Assyriologists reading ancient Babylonian and Assyrian poetry and literature aloud in the original language. It is the first undertaking of its kind, and accordingly some explanation of its aims is called for.

It is intended to serve several purposes, some for Assyriologists, and some for the wider public. First, it aims to foster interest among students of Babylonia and Assyria in how these civilisations’ works of verbal art were read aloud in the past, and how they should be read aloud today.

Second, it provides a forum in which scholars who have theories about Babylonian and Assyrian pronunciation, metre, etc. can present a concrete example of how their theories sound in practice. (In this function the archive does not of course aim to replace scholarly discussion in established channels, but rather to provide a useful complement to written publications).

Third, as a record of the ways in which contemporary scholars read Babylonian and Assyrian, it will some day serve a historical function. Many great Assyriologists, including some who had influential theories of Babylonian metre and phonology, passed into history without leaving a single recording of how they read Babylonian and Assyrian. This archive will provide at least some record of how scholars read Babylonian and Assyrian in the twenty-first century.

Finally, but not least, the questions which students of ancient languages most frequently hear from laymen are: "How did they sound? And how do you know?". This website is meant to serve as an introduction to these issues, providing the public with some idea of how modern Assyriologists think Babylonian and Assyrian were pronounced.

The Recordings

Special characters (tsade and tet) are in Steve Tinney's Ungkam font, derived from sil.org's Gentium font. To display them correctly, download the font from oracc.museum.upenn.edu/doc/user/fonts. The download is free. There are both a Mac Suitcase version and a Win/Linux OpenType version.

The Old Babylonian Period (c. 1900-1500 BCE)

Ammi-Ditana’s Hymn to Ishtar

• Read by Karl Hecker
• Read by Doris Prechel

The Codex Hammurabi

• Prologue i 1-49, read by Albert Naccache
• Epilogue xlix 18-28 and 53-80, read by Aage Westenholz

The Epic of Gilgamesh, Old Babylonian Version, Tablet II

• Lines 1-38, read by Antoine Cavigneaux
• Lines 1-36, read by Stephanie Dalley
• Lines 1-239, read by Karl Hecker
• Lines 1-61, read by Jacob Klein
• Lines 85-111, read by Michael Streck
• Lines 1-47, read by Nathan Wasserman
• Lines 87-105, read by Aage Westenholz

The Epic of Gilgamesh, Old Babylonian Version, BM+VAT

• Lines ii.0'-iii.14, read by Martin West

The Epic of Anzû, Old Babylonian Version, Tablet II

• Lines 1-83, read by Claus Wilcke

Atra-Hasīs, Old Babylonian Version, Tablet I

• Lines i.1-iii.16, read by Claus Wilcke

Diviner's Prayer to the Gods of the Night

• Read by Michael Streck

Incantation for Dog Bite

• Read by Michael Streck

Letter of Marduk-nāṣir to Ruttum (AbB III 15)

• Read by Wilfred van Soldt 

Letter of Kurkurtum to Erīb-Sîn (AbB XII 89)

• Read by Wilfred van Soldt

The First Millennium BC

The Epic of Gilgamesh, Standard Version, Tablet XI

• Lines 1-29, read by Stephanie Dalley
• Lines 1-163, read by Karl Hecker
• Lines 8-44, read by Victor Hurowitz
• Lines 1-34, read by Nathan Wasserman
• Lines 92-139, read by Martin West

The Babylonian Poem of the Righteous Sufferer (Ludlul bēl nēmeqi), Tablet II

• Lines 1-26, read by Antoine Cavigneaux
• Lines 1-46, read by Mario Fales
• Lines 1-26 and 56-82, read by Brigitte Groneberg
• Entire Tablet, read by Karl Hecker
• Lines 1-55, read by Margaret Jaques Cavigneaux
• Lines 1-55, read by Gebhard J. Selz
• Lines 1-33, read by Nathan Wasserman

The Babylonian Epic of Creation (Enūma elîš), Tablet I

• Lines 1-20, read by Ivan Hrůša
• Lines 1-13, read by Victor Hurowitz
• Lines 1-16, read by Jan Keetman

Ištar's Descent to the Netherworld

• Lines 1-125, read by Martin West

The Šamaš Hymn

• Lines 15-52, read by Martin West